RIGHT PANEL, MIDDLE SECTION

This panel is located under the pilot‟s right arm:

2-45: Right panel, middle section

1. Autopilot panel. See Autopilot Panel section

2. Magnetic variation panel. This panel displays the magnetic variation as inputted by the control knob below it. For the Caucasus region, the magnetic variation value is about 5-degrees.

3. Shkval optics scan rate. When placed in automatic scan mode, this dial can be adjusted to control the speed at which the Shkval scans side to side. Increase scan rate [M + LCTRL + LSHIFT] or decrease rate [M + LCTRL + RALT].

4. Latitude correction. Depending on what latitude hemisphere the helicopter is operating in, this switch and knob allow the operator to adjust needed latitude navigation compensation.

5. Identify-Friend-or-Foe (IFF) transponder control, No function

6. Automatic direction finder. See ADF ARK-22 section.

7. Special uplink control, No function

8. R-828 army radio system panel. See R-828 Control Panel section.

9. Signal flares control. See Signal Flare Panel section.

Autopilot Panel

The autopilot system serves two primary functions. First it can act as a stability augmentation system and second it can be used in conjunction with several automatic flight modes.

2-46: Autopilot panel

1. T – Pitch dampener - Pitch hold. Enables pitch autopilot channel. [P + LSHIFT]

2. K – Bank dampener - Bank hold. Enables bank autopilot channel. [B + LSHIFT]

3. H – Lateral dampener - Heading/course hold. Enables lateral autopilot channel. [H + LSHIFT]

4. B – Altitude hold. Enables altitude hold. The altitude source depends on the position of the “БАР - РВ” (Baro – Radar altitude) switch. [A + LSHIFT]

5. “ДИР УПР” – Flight director mode button. Disengages autopilot automatic angular stabilization (except for dampener function) and enables flight director mode on the HUD. [A + LCTRL]

6. “БАР-РВ” (Baro – Radar altitude) Autopilot altitude hold data source selection [X + LCTRL]

”БАР” – by pressure altimeter ”РВ’ – by radar altimeter

7. “ЗК-ЛЗП” (Desired Heading – Desired Track Angle) Autopilot Heading/Course hold mode [X + LALT]: “ЗК” – desired heading hold “ЛЗП” – desired track angle hold

Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) ARK-22

The ARK-22 ADF controls the Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) needle on the Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI), pointing it in the direction of the transmitting signal. Using the ADF, you can select one of eight preset channels, each of which stores two radio frequencies. Upon reaching the transmitter of the currently selected frequency, the ADF automatically begins homing on the second and vice versa. Alternatively, you can manually select which of the two frequencies on the selected channel to home on. For example, the first frequency in a given ADF channel may be set to home on the airfield outer locator beacon and the second on the inner locator beacon, etc. The pilot can verify selection of the correct beacon by configuring the ADF to provide an audio transmission of the beacon‟s ID. While in real life the frequencies for each ADF channel are set by ground personnel, you can edit these in the ADF configuration files outside the simulation. The ARK-22 ADF can also be slaved to the R-800L1 VHF radio. In this case, the RMI needle on the HSI is directed toward the transmitter on the frequency currently selected for the R-800L1 radio. For example, the flight leader can maintain bearing to his wingman when the wingman is transmitting a radio call.

2-47: ADF panel

The ADF panel is powered-on when either “К-041” is turned on or when the “ПНК” navigation system on/off switch is turned on (right side panel).

1. “КОНТР” (Test) self test button. When pressed, the bearing to radio beacon arrow on the HSI rotates to a set angle. When pressed in “АНТ” (antennae) mode, a continuous tone is emitted. Note that the “УКВ-1” VHF-1 R-828 radio switch and “УКВ-2” VHF-2 R-800 radio switch on the right panel should be set to on (up). [T + LALT + LCTRL]

2. ”ТЛГ-ТЛФ” (Telegraph-Telephone) mode switch. Non-directed beacon (NDB) can transmit in two modes, “ТЛГ” or “ТЛФ”. In this simulation, all beacons transmit in the “ТЛГ” mode (switch in the down position). [] + LALT + LCTRL]

3. “ГРОМК” (Volume) volume control. Rotating this knob left [= + LALT + LCTRL] and right [- + LALT + LCTRL] controls the volume of the NDB audio signal code and the self test tone.

4. “АНТ-КОМП” (Antenna – Compass) ADF mode switch. This switch allows you to select either “АНТ” antenna mode or “КОМП” compass mode. When in “АНТ” mode, the ADF provides you the NDB audio signal as a Morse code. When in the “КОМП” mode, the ADF provides you RMI steering data on your HSI and ABRIS HSI. [[ + LALT + LCTRL]

5. “КАНАЛЫ АРК” (ADF channels) compass channel dial. This dial has 10 positions, any of which allow you to tune the ADF to a pre-configured NDB pair (“ДАЛЬНИЙ – БЛИЖНИЙ”, Outer-Inner beacons). A list of these preconfigured channels can be seen on the white sheet attached to the right wall of the cockpit. You can select between inner and outer beacons by use of the beacon mode switch on the landing and voice message panel. The two service channels (positions 9 and 0) are used for preliminary setup by ground crew. The channels can be selected by turning the dial to the left [= + LCTRL] and right. [- + LCTRL]

ADF in conjunction with ground-based non-direction beacons (NDBs) is an angle-measuring, radio-navigation system that provides you direction towards an active radio transmitter in the VHF frequency range. Each frequency has its own unique callsign or commands transmitted on it. ADF allows the following navigation tasks:

 Flight towards an NDB with visual indication of course angle (bearing)

 Landing approach in “ОСП” mode (ICAO 2NDB Approach) in conjunction with other indicators

 Continuous calculation and display of bearing

 Audio reception of NDB callsign tones

Bearing to NDB is indicated on the HSI and on the HSI ABRIS page based on bearing to radio beacon RMI arrow position. To display bearing on ABRIS HSI page, you first need to set the ADF signal source for RMI-1 or RMI-2. To do this, go to the ABRIS MENU page and select OPTIONS. Scroll down the list of options and select RMI-1 or RMI-2, and using the CHANGE button, set the ADF‟s source to RADIO. On the ABRIS HSI and ARC pages, the corresponding RMI-1 (2) RADIO arrow will now show course angle similar to the RMI arrow on the HSI. The ADF works as a classic, automatic VHF NDB receiver. The signal emitted by the NDB is received simultaneously by non-directed and a directed stationary frame antennas. The signal from these antennas is transformed, (frequency selection, amplification, and detection) and then phase compared. As a result, a signal is created that corresponds to the bearing misalignment. This signal then drives an electromotor (with gearbox) that moves the directional pattern of the fixed frame antenna until the directional pattern receives a minimum signal to align with the NDB‟s location (bearing). The rotation of the directional pattern is transmitted electrically and rotates the RMI needle of the HSI and the ABRIS HSI (RADIO caret) to indicate the current NDB bearing. ADF modes:

 КОМПАС (КОМП) – compass mode

 АНТЕННА (АНТ) – receiving audio signals from non-directional antenna

 КОНТРОЛЬ – ADF self test

ADF operating parameters:

 Frequency range from 150 to 1750 kHz

 16 channels

 Frequency adjustment step – 0.5 кHz

 Bearing calculation uncertainty ±1.5°

 Indication speed no less than 30 deg/sec

 Time to switch between channels no more than 2.5 sec

The initial ADF channel setup is performed by the ground crew from the initial setup panel located at the rear of helicopter. In the game, you may alter the initial setup by editing the following file: BS\Scripts\Plane\Cockpit\Ka-50\ARK\ARK.lua. The default channels are listed on the white sheet of paper attached to the right wall of the cockpit. In-flight ADF use should be used according to the flight plan or as a backup navigation system in the event of ABRIS failure. The channels can be changed using the “КАНАЛЫ АРК” switch or the “ДАЛЬН-БЛИЖН” (Outer-Inner beacons) switch on the central pedestal panel (lights and voice message unit control panel). To hear the audio signal from an NDB radio station, set the “КОМП-АНТ” switch to “АНТ”. Volume can be adjusted using the volume adjustment knob on the ADF panel. To select NDB data from ABRIS, you should do the following: on the MAP page, go to INFO and select the desired radio station and press INFO again. Radio station information will be displayed including type, name, frequency, callsign, Morse code coordinates and magnetic deviation. The sound signal should correspond to its Morse code. Pre-set ADF channels

\\Scripts\Aircrafts\Ka-50\Cockpit\ARK\ARK.lua script for ADF Aidroms list: \\Scripts\World\Airdromes.lua Beacons list: \\Scripts\World\Radio\Beacons.lua Troubleshooting for when an NDB signal is not received: If the Morse code callsign is heard, check that the “КОМП-АНТ” switch is set it to the “КОМП” position (audio signal will be heard). The radio physics model calculates every transmission in real time and determines the local signal strength according to numerous variables, including time of day (ionosphere effect), surface type (rough terrain, paved surface, water, etc.), wavelength, range, transmitter power, etc. Because radio traffic is carried “live,” reception can be interrupted at any point by either natural or artificial interference, such as terrain topology or radio configuration. For example, if you change radio frequency, reception will cease, but can resume at its actual point upon reconfiguring the radio back to the transmitter‟s frequency. If the Morse code callsign cannot be heard, check the volume control knob “ГРОМК”, the channel selector and the “ДАЛЬН-БЛИЖН” selector. If all is set up properly, then the helicopter may be out of station range. If this happens, switch to another station in the vicinity.

R-828 Radio Control Panel

The R-828 VHF radio is used for communication with a Forward Air Controller (FAC) and other ground force units. The system provides constant radio communication within line-of-sight and it does not require frequency searching and adjustment. The frequency range is 20 - 60 MHz. The radio is turned on by setting the VHF-1 “УКВ-1” switch to the up, on position. The switch is located on the right panel. The communications channel is set using the channel selection knob and the transmission is active when the selector VHF-1 “УКВ-1” switch is on. The control panel allows for:

 Switching between 10 channels that have been set in advance

 Volume control

Noise reduction when noise-reduction system is activated.

2-48: R-828 control panel

The R-828 control panel has the following functions:

1. Selected channel ID. The active radio channel selected via the channel selector wheel is displayed in this window. This can display 1 through 10.

2. “КАНАЛ” (Channel) selector. This red wheel can be rotated using left [M + RALT + RCTRL] and right [N + RALT + RCTRL] mouse clicks or keyboard input. The wheel cycles channels 1 through 10.

3. “ГРОМК” (Volume) radio volume control. Rotating this knob left [] + LCTRL + LSHIFT] and right [[ + LCTRL + LSHIFT] adjusts the volume level of audio received over the R-828 radio.

4. “АСУ” (Automatic tuner) button. After you have selected a channel, you will need to press the tuner button to tune the radio to the selected channel. Every time you select a new channel, you will need to press this button. [T + RCTRL + RSHIFT]

5. “НАСТР” (Tuner) automatic tuner indicator lamp. If the R-828 is under power and the automatic tuner button is pressed, this will light if the radio has not been tuned to the selected channel.

6. “ПШ” (Noise reduction system) switch (squelch). [R + RALT + RCTRL]

Once the required channel is set and you have pressed the “АСУ” button, the system will tune to the selected channel‟s frequency and the tuner indicator lamp will be lit. Once the tuning is complete, the lamp will turn off.

Signal Flare Panel

The signal flares panel is used to control power to the signal flare system and fire the flares. The flares come in four colors: red, green, white, and yellow. A cassette with four flares is located at the edge of helicopter‟s left wing. Signal flares are most often used when radio systems have failed or when maintaining radio silence.

2-49: Signal flare control panel

1. Fire red flare button. [1 + LALT]

2. Power supply ON/OFF switch. Placing the switch in the up position provides power to the signal flare system. [0 + RCTRL]

3. Fire green flare button. [2 + LALT]

4. Fire white flare button. [3 + LALT]

5. Fire yellow flare button. [4 + LALT]